Saturday, September 23, 2023

Lakshman


His Major Works
  • The Life Divine
  • Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol
  • The Synthesis of Yoga
  • Essays on the Gita
  • The Ideal of Human Unity
  • The Human Cycle: The Psychology of Social Development
  • The Human Cycle, Ideal of Human Unity, War and Self Determination
  • The Upanishads
  • Secret of the Veda
  • Hymns to the Mystic Fire


Toru Dutt 




Toru Dutt or Tarulatha Dutt was an Indian poet born in the Bengal province in 1856 to the well-known Rambagan Dutt family. As the youngest child of Govin Chandra Dutt and Kshetramoni Mitter, Toru belonged to a family of writers. Her father Govind Chunder Dutt, who was an employee of the Government of India, was a linguist and also published some poems. Her mother, Kshetramoni Mitter, was a woman who loved Hindu mythology and translated the book The Blood of Christ into Bengali. Because of her father’s governmental employment, the family traveled frequently.

In 1862, her family embraced Christianity and was baptized. Toru was only six at the time, and this was a major event in her life. Though she remained a devout Christian all her life, the Hindu system of belief never lost its sheen with her, and its influence can be seen in most of her works. After being met with social rejection and isolation as a result of their conversion to Christianity, Toru Dutt's family moved to Mumbai for a year. Upon returning in 1864 to their home of Calcutta, Toru's brother Abju died of consumption.

Toru started publishing her work when she was only 18 years old. Her first published works, essays on Henry Derozio and Leconte de Lisle, appeared in Bengal Magazine in 1874, and in this same year, Toru's sister Aru passed away from consumption.

Toru produced her first volume of poetry, A Sheaf, in 1876: it held 165 translations from French writers, eight by her sister Aru and the rest by herself, including "My Vocation" by Jean-Pierre de BĂ©ranger.

Sita, (Sanskrit: “Furrow”) also called Janaki, in Hinduism, the consort of the god Rama. Her abduction by the demon king Ravana and subsequent rescue are the central incidents in the great Hindu epic Ramayana (“Rama’s Journey”).



Lakshman

Lakshman is the brother of Rama and the brother-in-law of Sita in the Ramayana, after whom a poem is titled by Toru Dutt. When Sita claims she hears Rama in the woods in need of assistance, Lakshman endeavors to convince Sita that she is mistaken. When Sita accuses Lakshman of wanting to deliberately ignore Rama so that he can take over the kingdom and take Sita for himself, Lakshman knows that he cannot refuse Sita, draws a line in the sand with an arrow that she is not to cross, and goes off to look for Rama.






 'ged thee so today.


Hark! Lakshman! Hark, again that cry!

It is, - it is my husband's voice!
Oh hasten, to his succour fly,
No more hast thou, dear friend, a choice.
He calls on thee, perhaps his foes
Environ him on all sides round,
That wail, - it means death's final throes!
Why standest thou, as magic-bound?


'Is this a time for thought, - oh gird
Thy bright sword on, and take thy bow!
He heeds not, hears not any word,
Evil hangs over us, I know!
Swift in decision, prompt in deed,
Brave unto rashness, can this be,
The man to whom all looked at need?
Is it my brother that I see!


'Oh no, and I must run alone,
For further here I cannot stay;
Art thou transformed to blind dumb stone!
Wherefore this impious, strange delay!
That cry, - that cry, - it seems to ring
Still in my ears, - I cannot bear
Suspense; if help we fail to bring
His death at least we both can share'


'Oh calm thyself, Videhan Queen,
No cause is there for any fear,
Hast thou his prowess never seen?
Wipe off for shame that dastard tear!
What being of demonian birth
Could ever brave his mighty arm?
Is there a creature on earth
That dares to work our hero harm?


'The lion and the grisly bear
Cower when they see his royal look,
Sun-staring eagles of the air
His glance of anger cannot brook,
Pythons and cobras at his tread
To their most secret coverts glide,
Bowed to the dust each serpent head
Erect before in hooded pride.


'Rakshasas, Danavs, demons, ghosts,
Acknowledge in their hearts his might,
And slink to their remotest coasts,
In terror at his very sight.
Evil to him! Oh fear it not,
Whatever foes against him rise!
Banish for aye the foolish thought,
And be thyself, - bold, great, and wise.


'He call for help! Canst thou believe
He like a child would shriek for aid
Or pray for respite or reprieve -
Not of such metal is he made!
Delusive was that piercing cry, -
Some trick of magic by the foe;
He has a work, - he cannot die,
Beseech me not from hence to go.


For here beside thee, as a guard
'Twas he commanded me to stay,
And dangers with my life to ward
If they should come across thy way.
Send me not hence, for in this wood
Bands scattered of the giants lurk,
Who on their wrongs and vengeance brood,
And wait the hour their will to work.'


'Oh shame! and canst thou make my weal
A plea for lingering! Now I know
What thou art, Lakshman! And I feel
Far better were an open foe.
Art thou a coward? I have seen
Thy bearing in the battle-fray
Where flew the death-fraught arrows keen,
Else had I jud
'But then thy leader stood beside!
Dazzles the cloud when shines the sun,
Reft of his radiance, see it glide
A shapeless mass of vapours dun;
So of thy courage, - or if not,
The matter is far darker dyed,
What makes thee loth to leave this spot?
Is there a motive thou wouldst hide?


'He perishes - well, let him die!
His wife henceforth shall be mine own!
Can that thought deep imbedded lie
Within thy heart's most secret zone!
Search well and see! one brother takes
His kingdom, - one would take his wife!
A fair partition! - But it makes
Me shudder, and abhor my life.


'Art thou in secret league with those
Who from his hope the kingdom rent?
A spy from his ignoble foes
To track him in his banishment?
And wouldst thou at his death rejoice?
I know thou wouldst, or sure ere now
When first thou heardst that well known voice
Thou shouldst have run to aid, I trow.


'Learn this, - whatever comes may come,
But I shall not survive my Love,
Of all my thoughts here is the sum!
Witness it gods in heaven above.
If fire can burn, or water drown,
I follow him: - choose what thou wilt
Truth with its everlasting crown,
Or falsehood, treachery, and guilt.


'Remain here with a vain pretence
Of shielding me from wrong and shame,
Or go and die in his defence
And leave behind a noble name.
Choose what thou wilt, - I urge no more,
My pathway lies before me clear,
I did not know thy mind before,
I know thee now, - and have no fear.'


She said and proudly from him turned, -
Was this the gentle Sita? No.
Flames from her eyes shot forth and burned,
The tears therein had ceased to flow.
'Hear me, O Queen, ere I depart,
No longer can I bear thy words,
They lacerate my inmost heart
And torture me, like poisoned swords.


'Have I deserved this at thine hand?
Of lifelong loyalty and truth
Is this the meed? I understand
Thy feelings, Sita, and in sooth
I blame thee not, - but thou mightst be
Less rash in judgement, Look! I go,
Little I care what comes to me
Wert thou but safe, - God keep thee so!


'In going hence I disregard
The plainest orders of my chief,
A deed for me, - a soldier, - hard
And deeply painful, but thy grief
And language, wild and wrong, allow
No other course. Mine be the crime,
And mine alone. - but oh, do thou
Think better of me from this time.


'Here with an arrow, lo, I trace
A magic circle ere I leave,
No evil thing within this space
May come to harm thee or to grieve.
Step not, for aught, across the line,
Whatever thou mayst see or hear,
So shalt thou balk the bad design
Of every enemy I fear.


'And now farewell! What thou hast said,
Though it has broken quite my heart,
So that I wish I were dead -
I would before, O Queen, we part,
Freely forgive, for well I know
That grief and fear have made thee wild,
We part as friends, - is it not so?'
And speaking thus he sadly smiled.


'And oh ye sylvan gods that dwell
Among these dim and sombre shades,
Whose voices in the breezes swell
And blend with noises of cascades,
Watch over Sita, whom alone
I leave, and keep her safe from harm,
Till we return unto our own,
I and my brother, arm in arm.


'For though ill omens round us rise
And frighten her dear heart, I feel
That he is safe. Beneath the skies
His equal is not, - and his heel
Shall tread all adversaries down,
Whoeve'r they may chance to be.
Farewell, O Sita! Blessings crown
And peace for ever rest with thee!'


He said, and straight his weapons took
His bow and arrows pointed keen,
Kind, - nay, indulgent, - was his look,
No trace of anger, there was seen,
Only a sorrow dark, that seemed
To deepen his resolve to dare
All dangers. Hoarse the vulture screamed,

As out he strode with dauntless air.

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